Mega-environment analysis to assess adaptability, stability, and genomic predictions in grain sorghum hybrids

Multi-environment trials (MET) are fundamental for assessing genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) effects, adaptability and stability of genotypes provide valuable information about target regions. As such, a MET involving grain sorghum hybrid combinations derived from elite inbred lines adapted to diverse production regions was developed assess agronomic performance, stability, genomic-enabled prediction accuracies within mega-environments (ME). Ten females ten males the Texas A&M Kansas State breeding programs were crossed following factorial mating scheme generate 100 hybrids. Grain yield, plant height, days anthesis assessed in consisting environments across over two years. Genotype plus Genotype-by-block-of-environment biplot (GGB) ME, while "mean-vs-stability" view Bayesian Finlay–Wilkinson regression evaluated stability. A genomic model including GxE effect applied ME accuracy. Results suggest that different can produce superior GGB confirmed distinct adaption U.S. Further, predictions reported inconsistent results, suggesting additional effects rather than correlations between influencing